INACCESSIBLE_BOOT_DEVICE BSOD after cloning a drive, but only when the old drive...

I've used Clonezilla to copy my Windows installation to a new drive. I have done a disk-to-disk copy, from the old SATA SSD to the new NVMe SSD. Upon removing the old drive, the new drive boots just fine and everything works. However, when I plug in the old drive and try to boot the new one, it will fail to boot with an INACCESSIBLE_BOOT_DEVICE, before the old drive is picked up and boots just fine.

With the old hard drive unplugged and plugged in on separate attempts, just to be sure, I have tried:

1. Using a Windows installation media to run Windows Startup Repair. It couldn't find any issues.
2. Using the same Windows installation media, Bootrec /fixMbr followed by Bootrec /fixBoot. I have also tried Bootrec /RebuildBcd on a separate attempt. No combination has returned any good results.

So my question is, what can I do so that Windows will boot from the new drive while the old one is still plugged in?

I did the exact same procedure you explained with Clonezilla and got same result as you.

I fixed it by changing boot mode for the PCI devices from UEFI to legacy, this allows the PC to boot from the new SSD, but the old disk has to be disconnected.

Before I can use both disks I removed the new one, connected the old disk and formated it also using Clonezilla, so it doesn't cause conflicts.